Marka electrons iyo godadka dib isu yimaadaan, waxay soo saari karaan iftiin muuqda, sidaas darteed waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in la sameeyo diodes iftiin leh.Loo isticmaalo sida nalalka tilmaame ee wareegyada iyo qalabka, ama ka kooban qoraal ama bandhigyo dhijitaal ah.Gallium arsenides diodes namoota guduudan, gallium phosphide diodes ifa cagaaran, silikoon carbide diodes dargaggoota jaalalaa, gallium nitride dura buluu.Sababo la xiriira sifooyinka kiimikaad, waxay u kala qaybsan tahay diode iftiin-bixiya OLED iyo diode iftiin-bixiya inorganic.

Diodes-ka iftiimiya waxaa caadi ahaan loo isticmaalaa aaladaha soo saara iftiinka kuwaas oo tamarta siiya dib-u-habaynta elektarooniga iyo godadka si ay u iftiimiyaan iftiinka.Waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa goobta iftiinka.[1] Diodeyaasha iftiimiya waxay si wax ku ool ah ugu badali karaan tamarta korantada tamar iftiin waxayna leeyihiin adeegsiyo kala duwan oo bulshada casriga ah, sida nalalka, bandhigyada fidsan, iyo aaladaha caafimaadka.[2]

Qaybaha elektaroonigga ah ee noocan ah waxay soo shaac baxeen horaantii 1962. Maalmihii hore, waxay sii dayn karaan oo keliya iftiinka cas ee hooseeya.Ka dib, noocyo kale oo monochromatic ah ayaa la sameeyay.Iftiinka maanta la sii dayn karo wuxuu ku faafay iftiinka muuqda, infrared iyo ultraviolet, iftiinka ayaa sidoo kale kor u kacay ilaa xad.Iftiinka.Isticmaalka ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalay sida nalalka tilmaamayaasha, muraayadaha bandhiga, iwm.;Iyada oo horumarka joogtada ah ee tignoolajiyada, diodes-ka-shaqeeya ayaa si weyn loogu isticmaalay bandhigyada iyo nalalka.

Si la mid ah daloodhka caadiga ah, dareerayaasha iftiimiya iftiinka waxay ka kooban yihiin isgoysyada PN, waxayna sidoo kale leeyihiin hab-dhaqan aan jiho lahayn.Marka danabka hore ee loo isticmaalo diode-ka iftiimiya, godadka laga duray aagga P ilaa aagga N iyo elektaroonnada laga duraa aagga N ilaa aagga P ayaa siday u kala horreeyaan ula xiriiraan elektaroonnada aagga N iyo bannaannada. ee aagga P ee dhowr microns ee isgoyska PN.Daloollada ayaa dib isu soo celiya oo soo saara fluorescence-ka sii daaya.Xaaladaha tamarta ee electrons iyo godadka qalabka semiconductor ee kala duwan ayaa kala duwan.Marka elektaroonnada iyo daloollada ay dib isu noqdaan, tamarta la sii daayo ayaa xoogaa ka duwan.Tamar badan oo la sii daayo, waa la gaabanayaa hirarka hirarka iftiinka soo baxaya.Inta badan la isticmaalo waa diode-yada soo daaya casaan, cagaar ama huruud ah.Korontada burburka rogaal celiska ah ee diode iftiin-bixiya ayaa ka weyn 5 volts.Qalooca dabeecadeeda volt-ampere ee hore waa mid aad u kacsan, waana in si taxane ah loo isticmaalo caabiyaha xaddidaya hadda si loo xakameeyo hadda iyada oo loo marayo diode.

Qaybta xudunta u ah diode-ka ifaysa waa wafer ka kooban nooca P-semiconductor iyo nooca N-semiconductor.Waxaa jira lakabka kala-guurka ah ee u dhexeeya nooca P-semiconductor-ka iyo semiconductor-ka N-nooca, kaas oo loo yaqaan isgoyska PN.Isku xirka PN ee walxaha semiconductor-ka qaarkood, marka sidayaasha laga tirada badan yahay ee la isku duray iyo sidayaal badankoodu ay dib isugu noqdaan, tamarta xad dhaafka ah waxaa lagu sii daayaa qaab iftiin ah, taasoo si toos ah tamarta korantada ugu beddeleysa tamar iftiin.Iyada oo korontada rogaal celiska ah lagu rakibay isgoysyada PN, way adagtahay in la isku duro sidayaal laga tirada badan yahay, markaa ma sii daayo iftiin.Marka ay ku jirto xaalad shaqo oo togan (taas oo ah, koronto togan ayaa lagu dabaqaa labada daraf), marka qulqulka hadda ka soo qulqulo LED anode ilaa cathode, crystal semiconductor wuxuu bixiyaa iftiin midabyo kala duwan oo ka soo jeeda ultraviolet ilaa infrared.Xoogga iftiinka iftiinka wuxuu la xiriiraa hadda.